Summary:
The TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) is a standardized English-language proficiency exam used for university admissions in the United States and many other English-speaking countries. It evaluates the reading, listening, speaking, and writing skills of non-native English speakers and is one of the most widely accepted tests for international students.
What Is the TOEFL?
The TOEFL is a test designed to measure the ability of non-native English speakers to use and understand English in an academic setting. It is administered by ETS (Educational Testing Service) and is accepted by over 11,000 institutions in more than 150 countries, including most universities in the United States, Canada, the UK, Australia, and other English-speaking regions.
The test is intended for students who plan to study abroad, especially at colleges and universities where instruction is entirely in English. It is also used for immigration and scholarship applications, or for meeting professional certification requirements in certain fields.
TOEFL Formats and Availability
The most common version is the TOEFL iBT (Internet-Based Test), which is offered online at testing centers or taken at home in approved locations. A shorter version called the TOEFL Essentials Test is also available but accepted by fewer institutions.
The TOEFL iBT is available year-round in testing centers around the world, including major cities in China. Students must register in advance on the official ETS website (ets.org/toefl) and choose a test date and location.
Structure of the TOEFL iBT
As of 2023, the TOEFL iBT has been shortened and takes less than two hours to complete. It has four sections:
- Reading – Measures the ability to understand academic texts (2 passages, about 35 minutes)
- Listening – Tests comprehension of lectures and conversations (3 recordings, about 36 minutes)
- Speaking – Includes 4 tasks, where the student must express ideas and respond to prompts verbally (about 16 minutes)
- Writing – Includes 2 tasks: one integrated (based on a reading and lecture) and one independent essay (about 29 minutes)
Each section is scored from 0 to 30, with a total score out of 120.
Why Take the TOEFL?
TOEFL is required by most U.S. universities for international applicants who are not from English-speaking countries. Even if the SAT or ACT is optional, the TOEFL is usually still required to demonstrate English proficiency. Some institutions waive the requirement for students who have studied in English for several years or attended an international school.
A high TOEFL score can improve your chances of admission and may also qualify you for scholarships, conditional admission, or placement in advanced courses.
TOEFL vs. IELTS and DET
The IELTS and DET are other major English proficiency test accepted by universities worldwide. While all tests serve the same purpose, there are some differences in format and style. TOEFL is entirely computer-based and tends to use academic-style language, while IELTS includes face-to-face speaking and sometimes more conversational English. DET is somewhere in the middle: computer-based, but also includes some speaking components.
Some students find the TOEFL easier because it allows more time for reading and typing, while others prefer IELTS for its speaking format. Most U.S. universities accept both.
Preparation and Tips
TOEFL success requires academic-level English, not just conversational fluency. Students should practice reading academic texts, listening to lectures, writing structured essays, and speaking in clear, formal English. ETS offers official prep materials, and many online platforms provide practice questions, mock exams, and feedback.
It’s recommended to start preparing 2–3 months in advance and take at least one full-length practice test before the official exam.